The trial is expected to end later on Friday, a Madrid court spokesman told AFP, but a verdict is likely to take much longer.
The case originated from a health and safety report ruling that Madrid's more than 500 Deliveroo riders "were false self-employed contractors, which means they are employees," said Esther Costa, the lawyer of seven couriers in this case.
Self-employed contractors have to pay their own social contributions to the health and pensions systems.
Employees, meanwhile, have such contributions transferred directly by their employer, which pays a portion of them.
A similar trial took place in February in Valencia concerning the eastern city's 200 drivers. But a verdict has not yet been reached.
Two other similar trials will take place this year in Barcelona and the northeastern city of Zaragoza.
There have been previous court rulings in Spain over the status of couriers working for Deliveroo or Glovo, another food delivery platform, but these had always been brought by the drivers themselves.
The Madrid case, as well as that of Valencia and the others, "will directly affect the model of labour relations imposed by sharing economy platforms as a whole," said legal firm Colectivo Ronda to which Costa belongs.
But in a statement, Deliveroo said it "collaborates with self-employed riders... They can choose when and where they work, and for how long."
"Those who campaign to get rid of flexibility don't represent the opinion of a majority of riders," it added.
The company asked for "a legal reform allowing companies to offer self-employed drivers more security without endangering flexibility."
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